8.1.12 Nutrition and reproduction
Reproductive function is closely related to nutritional status. In the animal kingdom reproduction often takes place when food and climatic conditions are favourable towards optimal nutrition to maximize the survival of the offspring. This is sensible considering pregnancy and lactation are times of greatest nutritional needs in the life of female mammals. In humans, under- and over-nutrition as reflected in body weight and body composition significantly impact fertility. Aside from the mother’s energy status, her micronutrient adequacy throughout the pregnancy and lactation period also influences the development of the offspring.




